Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is the retinal location of diabetic microangiopathy.\nIt is a public health problem and one of the target diseases of the\nglobal Vision 2020 initiative. The aim of our study was to determine the epidemiological\nfeatures and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in the melanoderma\nAfrican in Abidjan. Materials and Methods: We carried out a prospective\nobservational study which took place from April to September 2016\nand which focused on the diabetic subjects received in consultation in the\nOphthalmology Department of Cocody University Hospital. All Patients had\nhad bio-microscopic examination of the fundus with Goldman three-mirror\ncontact lens and optic coherence tomography of the macula and, in some cases,\nretinal fluorescein angiography. Results: Out of a population of 448 patients,\n200 had diabetic retinopathy. That is a prevalence of 45%. The prevalence\nof macular edema was 6%. The subpopulation of subjects with retinopathy\nconsisted of 61.5% (123) of male patients versus 38.5% (77) of female\npatients. The mean age of female patients with retinopathy was 42 ± 14.08\nyears and that of male patients 58 ± 15.07 years. The majority of patients with\nretinopathy lived in urban areas (73%), and had type II diabetes. The duration\nof evolution of diabetes was 5 to 10 years in 65% of cases. Obesity, smoking,\ndyslipidemia and high blood pressure were the main factors of co-morbidity\nassociated with poor glycemic control. Discussion: Diabetic retinopathy had a\nhigh prevalence and predominated in males. Maculopathy was represented by\nmacular edema, which is the leading cause of diabetes-related blindness. Conclusion:\nThe prevention of blindness related to diabetes requires regular multidisciplinary\nfollow-up in order to treat retinal damage early.
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